Unlike classical computers, which use bits to process information as either 0s or 1s, quantum computers use qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This enables quantum computers to perform complex calculations at speeds unattainable by traditional machines. While this offers groundbreaking potential in solving problems like drug discovery and optimising supply chains, it also creates vulnerabilities in our current cyber defences. 

Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics principles like superposition and entanglement to process data in fundamentally new ways. This allows it to solve problems beyond the capabilities of classical computers, such as cracking RSA-2048 encryption in hours.  

While the technology is still emerging, major players like the UK, US, and China are heavily investing in quantum R&D to gain strategic advantages. The UK’s £1 billion National Quantum Technologies Programme is already funding innovation across academia and industry, with a strong focus on ensuring cyber resilience in a quantum-enabled world. 

Over the next two to three years, UK businesses must begin strategic planning around quantum computing, even if large-scale quantum machines aren’t yet commercially deployed. The UK’s £1 billion National Quantum Technologies Programme is already funding innovation across academia and industry, with a strong focus on ensuring cyber resilience in a quantum-enabled world.